Tony completed a joint Ph.D. in Sociology and in Public Policy at the University of Michigan, where he studied with Yu Xie, David Harris, and Sheldon Danziger, among others. Tony's research interests include race and ethnicity, social demography, and statistical methods with a particular emphasis on causal inference. His dissertation, "Muddy Waters: The Fluidity and Complexity of Racial and Ethnic Identification in the U.S.", Tony tests a number of hypotheses from the social construction of race literature using Census, CPS, and Add Health data. He shows, for example, that the race, gender, and householder status of survey respondents has a strong influence on the racial classification of children in interracial households. He has published papers in the Journal of Black Studies and in Health, Education, and Behavior, and has several more under review, including one entitled "Hispanic Today, Gone Tomorrow: Locating Ethnic Identity among Latino/a Youth."